This collection gathers the keynote papers presented to the international Histories of Archaeology conference. The event was hosted online by the Australian Research Council Laureate funded Collective Biography of Archaeology in the Pacific (CBAP), which was based at the Australian National University from 2015 to 2020. Initially planned for March 2020, the conference was re-scheduled to November 2021 following global Covid-19 disruptions. Participants’ contributions explored new ideas on the history of archaeology worldwide, looking at the following themes: - History of archaeology, archaeological theory and method; - Objects and archives: history of archaeology through collections research; - History of archaeology in the Pacific and Australia; - Women in archaeology and the archaeology of gender; and - Indigenous agency and individuals in the history of archaeology. The papers within this collection address these questions from multiple perspectives, from Australia and the Pacific to other international viewpoints.